Srenjska ureditev na Visoki Gorenjski med preteklostjo in bodočnostjo

SUMMARY
The presented book »Srenjska ureditev na Visoki Gorenjski med preteklostjo in bodočnostjo« (The village community arrangement on the Visoka Gorenjska between the past and future) is the last book of the trilogy, made under the same theoretical conditions as the first two books
“Medieval roads and ironworking in the Visoka Gorenjska region” and “Antique ways under the Karavanke Mountains”.

The past life in the region of Visoka Gorenjska (Upper Highland), especially the conditions and remains in Bohinj, are presented.
We are living in a time where the changes are very fast but some changes are also very slow. So in a specific language it isn’t possible to define correctly the life in a separate environment, because the comprehension and nomination are structured in a separate logic. A lot of specific conceptions have local imaginations and the results of translations into an other language are poor. So only an approximate imagination is given, without the specific structure and environment and the overall results can be fully wrong.
The difference between general, common, universal, collectively, jointed, etc. is not defined enough precisely to define the impression “srenja”. The vocabulary defines it as neighbourhood community, but this means only the linguistically defined words and meanings, but not the social, historical meanings and those development and changes on specific locations.
“Srenja” means a historic development of the life in a village, constituted on a specific way from more homes (domes, houses) where a specific dome can have more buildings. Each house is specialized


to specific works, presents a family, which property was in the past assigned with a “House sign”, which afterwards develops to a (trade) mark and are not tribal (genetic relative) communities, but a community, producing complex products, where more different specialists, knowledge and abilities are needed.
So each village has had its common (village) property (land, ways, water, holy places,) and private property (house property). The difference between the common and village property (ways for the traffic on large distances and ways in the boundaries of the village, great waters (seas, lakes, rivers,…) and village waters (wells, fountains),…), village holy places and district holy places, the safeguard and protection of houses, villages and regions, is structured.
All these structures were developed under the influences of old religions, deeply bounded on the nature and the everyday life and work. The development was influenced of new discoveries, new incomers and new applications. So the metal-working influences the arise of new social structures in some regions, in other regions influences the adaptation of old structures to new circumstances.
The development from the ice age hunters and gatherers to the agricultural and sheep and cattle breeding, as well as the collection of minerals, especially coopers and afterwards irons ore, and at last the agriculture led to the permanent settlement in this region is analysed.
The specialization of activities is connected with the settlement. The primary pasture develops afterwards to all other activities end formed following integrations:
• Pasture & prospecting & gathering (food + stones) & transportation.
• Pasture & prospecting & gathering (food + stones + ore) & transportation.
• [Pasture & prospecting & gathering (food + stones + ore)] & [charcoaling & ore smelting] & transportation.
• [Pasture & prospecting & collection (food + stones + ore)] & [charcoaling & ore smelting & agriculture] & [transportation.
• [Pasture & prospecting & collection (food + stones + ore)] & [charcoaling & ore smelting & agriculture & primary smithery] & transportation & interchange of goods]
• [Pasture & prospecting & collection (food + stones + ore)] & [charcoaling & ore smelting & agriculture & primary smithery & smithery of object] & transportation & interchange of goods]
All this activities were accompanied by other social activities (religion, protection, etc.)

In the beginning each house has performed more of these operations, but during the time the metal-working, agricultural and animal breeding were specialized as specifics of each house in a village. This process has been prolonged to specialization of villages for metal-working and agriculture, but both of this specialities needed animals, especially horses as transporting (packhorse carriage) animals and ox as pulling animals (ploughing, pulling of cars) and of course as food for inhabitants.
As well the villages, also the specific houses tended to become self provided units and these autonomy. Each of this units needed land (agricultural and mining fields), forests, where the wood as building material and energy source grew, (making of houses, heating, charcoal making, producing of wooden articles,).
During the history a functionally uniform environment was developed. In the beginning more uniform, afterwards always more and more specific solutions were implemented. This can be presented by the specific floor and house names in all the mentioned regions.
The influences of the religion can be found on many spheres and activities, domains and fields of application, where the knowledge and abilities were stocked and transferred with graces. The nature added aspects have been involved in the smelting of ore to iron. During the process, the person leading and controlling the process, whispers the procedure as a grace and after the smelting season a feast was given to thank to the god for the successful procedures.
Similarly to the smelting process also the building of houses was accompanied with whispering defining the structure and assignation of specific parts and junctions. The same takes place also in stone and metal constructions till nowadays.
So the specific Signes were implementted directly in the construction, house buildingg, signing the property (houses, tools, etc.) and implemented as writing and calculation components.
The religion enabled the repetition (repetition est mater studiorum) and so can be defined technological processes. On the other hand the repetition is a brake in the changes and in the modifications of any process, also in the technological processes and in the development of technology. The technological processses were holy processes, placed on holy places.
At the end of the season (harvest time, smelting time) a seasonal holiday was celebrated, where the best products in unusual quantities were sacred and from peoples cleared away (blowouts, drinking bout, holy technological products – e.g. swords, etc.). All this appearances can be established also now a day, but with a fully other meaning (e.g. Oktoberfest, Munich).
The cristian religion does not supports the technological processes. The smith is not a holy man (sooner the devil, as the Hefaistos in it’s cave). The smith was despite a holy man also in the times of the Holy Hema furnaces (11th – 14th cent.) which ended the season with a celebration. The results of this celebration can be found as burnt bones in the slags of this furnaces.

The product overplus is in the farming bound mostly on the food in metal-working on metals (iron). On this differences also the development of social differences can be bound. Through the better conditions (lower weather influences, higher profits, etc.) the metal-working becames a better and more competitive position.
The differences between the province and town can be observed also today. The agriculture is subordinated to the natural laws, incontrary the town society, which is not so deeply dependent from the nature.
The metal-working can be comparred with the town conditions, especially the last operations (smithing). They were bound on the consumer and market demands, where higher quality of products was demanded, excited through higher information flow and higher overpluses, can be achieved.
The property has followed these influences and has been concentrated through more generations in the hands of a limited number of people. They became afterwards the leading class, more and more distanced from the primary activities (agriculture, breeding, metal-working, …) and was bound on the religion and safety activities.
The primary relations to the nature were afterwards developed as deviation of the nature.
Such an environment can not produce vertically oriented social structures and the structures remain flat.
So only 3 steps can be defined:
- the householders as family heads,
- the subordionated family members and
- the supperior members of society (holy man and people, responsible for security).
The self-government society was living in the rounded of regiones with developed security system based on fortreses on the borders.
Such security system were in function only during the war conditions. Such a structure can be detected also afterwards during peasant risings.
The self-government is mostly spread in the animal breeding sphere, less in the agricultural sphere of the village activitis. The farmer has never decided in a metal-working unit, but at the contrary, the metal-worker was deciding over the farmer’s processes through influences deciding in the overall villagean decision process (catle and sheep breeding, transportation, etc.).
The self-goverment is devided on two steps: the government of a village and the government of the region.
Primary the village has had a holy place, named “goričca” (little mountain) where under the holy tree (usually linden), in the neibourhood of the holy fountain, five greate stones were placed, each belonging to a house. On this place four holy activities were executed: the sacrifices to the gods (till cristianisation), the judgement, the forecasting of future, and the decision making for the village important conclusions.
On the regional level important conclusions were made by all house seniores, on a holy place, concerning war and religion (the election of duces, building of temples and churches, etc.)

The theory, that the peoples have only visited this region, became more and more disputable. Through an other imagination we can imagine the messages from the far past times in a different way.
Studies of the societies and these remains under similar conditions on other places must be followed by similar results. The poor and defective information can be completed through analytical and improvement processes, which are bound on the natural growth processes (entropy, synergy, emergence, congruence, chaotic processes, etc.) and these results.
Different regions (especially the alpine), their development, conditions and influences, initiations, effects and consequences were studied and compared. The results are presented in this book.
The last 20 years development of the germane village Rettenbach in Allgau is analysed as a promising model for the future development under the alpine conditions.

The use of new scientific methods, based on quantifications and not only on qualifications, concentrated around the “Ötzi”, are now known as archeometrics. The development and computerization led archaeology to new knowledge and conclusions.
In this work the new analytical tools, implemented in the information analytical system “SOCRATES” were used.
The system SOCRATES was developed by the author in the years 1973 to 1987 and afterwards implemented in Slovenian industrial and governmental environments.
The analyse of complex multidisciplinary, multifunctional, multidimensional accesses is introduced to solve complex interdependent information processes, gathered on specific information sources (stone, papers, documents, books, CD, videos, …). The sampled, classified and indexed information, archived on computer aided medias, are afterwards implemented in the “SOCRATES” models where the evaluation processes were implemented. They are based on emergence, entropy, erosion, chaos, etc. based on the suppositions, that the entropy is the opposite phenomenon of the emergence, at last leading to a birth or self-destruction (death) of a system, controlled between origin to the goals, from reasons to consequences, between an information flood and information lack.
From all this work only the results are given, these development possibilities and already implemented models and data, specific for the alpine world between Slovenia and Switzerland are discussed.

Author, 02.03.2010. Appendix to the online version.
ftp://www.rad.sik.si/tine.jarc/SRENJSKA UREDITEV NA VISOKI GORENJSKI-C-online -pdf