Norse Greenland

"How could a community of 2-3000 Viking peasants survive in Arctic Greenland for 430 years (ca. 985 - 1415), and why did they finally disappear? European agriculture in an Arctic environment met serious ecological challenges. The Norse peasants met them by adapting agricultural practices which they knew from the Atlantic and North Sea coast of Norway. Norse Greenland was the stepping stone for the Europeans who first discovered America and settled briefly in Newfoundland ca. AD 1000. The community had a global significance which surpassed its modest size. In the last decades scholars have been nearly unanimous in emphasising that long term climatic and environmental changes created a situation where Norse agriculture was no longer sustainable and the community was ruined. A secondary hypothesis has focused on ethnic confrontations between Norse peasants and Inuit hunters. In the last decades ethnic violence has been on the rise in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and parts of Africa. In some cases it has degenerated to ethnic cleansing. This has strengthened the interest for ethnic violence in past societies. Challenging traditional hypotheses is a source of progress in all science. The present book does this on the basis of relevant written and archaeological material respecting the methodology of both sciences"--