From the sail to the steam

The Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century dramatically transformed navies from fleets of wind-driven wooden ships into steam-propelled ironclad squadrons. The industrial framework, administrative competence, personnel training, and financial capability necessary to maintain an up-to-date navy skyrocketed. The Ottoman Empire attempted to maintain a modern fleet throughout the nineteenth century with varying degrees of success. In this book, the naval modernization strategies of the Ottoman administration during the years of Industrial Revolution are examined in comparison with those of the Russian, Chinese and Japanese empires, which shared similar social and administrative structures.