al-Ẓill al-warīf fī muḥārabat al-Rīf

In 1919 Lyautey resumed large-scale operations against the dissident tribes, but his methodical campaign was interrupted in 1924 by the threat to French Morocco posed by a revolt of Berber tribes in the Rif in the Spanish zone under Abd al Krim. Until 1919 Spain had done almost nothing to assert control over the bilad al siba in the northern zone, and even the areas around the presidios were weakly held. When in 1921 the Spanish army sent an expeditionary force of nearly 20,000 men into the eastern Rif, Abd al Krim, 1882?-1963, a qadi in Melilla, rallied the mountain tribes in resistance. Abd el-Krim was the leader of the Rif tribes of Morocco. An important figure in the administration of the Spanish Zone until 1920, he took up arms against Spanish rule. In 1921 his small force defeated a disorganized and ill-equipped Spanish army. In the next three years he strengthened his position and in 1924 drove the Spanish back to Tétouan. The Rif Revolt occurred between 1921 and 1926 in northern Morocco. The colonial power involved in the war was Spain and the people seeking self-determination were the Rifi and Jibala tribes of northern Morocco. This book presents very important facts about this period, this region, and its militants.