Stewards versus creators

In this paper we propose a conceptual distinction between two actor roles, both essential but naturally in tension when companies commercialize new technologies, which we claim helps explain difficulties in business innovation. Stewards (usually managers) care most about allocating resources efficiently. Creators (usually specialized, highly capable employees) care most for the glittering vision, the higher purpose, and often see business concerns as secondary to their creative work. Our study on the history of the Internet suggests that disputes and goal disconnects between Stewards and Creators can significantly delay innovation. From data gathered in this study we derive recommendations for managers who oversee innovative work.