Toxicity of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to selected aquatic invertebrates and frog larvae

The lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) was tested against various groups of nontarget aquatic organisms. Invertebrates exposed were flatworms, annelids, daphnids, seed shrimps, glass shrimp, mayfly nymphs, backswimmers, mosquito larvae, bivalve and snails. Vertebrates exposed to TFM were larvae of gray tree frog, leopard frog, and bullfrog.