Gustave Le Bon
b. 1841 – d. 1931 · 144 books
Biography
Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon (French: [ɡystav lə bɔ̃]; 7 May 1841 – 13 December 1931) was a leading French polymath whose areas of interest included anthropology, psychology, sociology, medicine, invention, and physics. He is best known for his 1895 work The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, which is considered one of the seminal works of crowd psychology.
A native of Nogent-le-Rotrou, Le Bon qualified as a doctor of medicine at the University of Paris in 1866. He opted against the formal practice of medicine as a physician, instead beginning his writing career the same year of his graduation. He published a number of medical articles and books before joining the French Army after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. Defeat in the war coupled with being a first-hand witness to the Paris Commune of 1871 strongly shaped Le Bon's worldview. He then travelled widely, touring Europe, Asia and North Africa. He analysed the peoples and the civilisations he encountered under the umbrella of the nascent field of anthropology, developing an essentialist view of humanity, and invented a portable cephalometer during his travels.
In the 1890s, he turned to psychology and sociology, in which fields he released his most successful works. Le Bon developed the view that crowds are not the sum of their individual parts, proposing that within crowds there forms a new psychological entity, the characteristics of which are determined by the "racial unconscious" of the crowd. At the same time he created his psychological and sociological theories, he performed experiments in physics and published popular books on the subject, anticipating the mass–energy equivalence and prophesising the Atomic Age.[citation needed] Le Bon maintained his eclectic interests up until his death in 1931.
Ignored or maligned by sections of the French academic and scientific establishment during his life due to his politically conservative and reactionary views, Le Bon was critical of majoritarianism and socialism.
A native of Nogent-le-Rotrou, Le Bon qualified as a doctor of medicine at the University of Paris in 1866. He opted against the formal practice of medicine as a physician, instead beginning his writing career the same year of his graduation. He published a number of medical articles and books before joining the French Army after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. Defeat in the war coupled with being a first-hand witness to the Paris Commune of 1871 strongly shaped Le Bon's worldview. He then travelled widely, touring Europe, Asia and North Africa. He analysed the peoples and the civilisations he encountered under the umbrella of the nascent field of anthropology, developing an essentialist view of humanity, and invented a portable cephalometer during his travels.
In the 1890s, he turned to psychology and sociology, in which fields he released his most successful works. Le Bon developed the view that crowds are not the sum of their individual parts, proposing that within crowds there forms a new psychological entity, the characteristics of which are determined by the "racial unconscious" of the crowd. At the same time he created his psychological and sociological theories, he performed experiments in physics and published popular books on the subject, anticipating the mass–energy equivalence and prophesising the Atomic Age.[citation needed] Le Bon maintained his eclectic interests up until his death in 1931.
Ignored or maligned by sections of the French academic and scientific establishment during his life due to his politically conservative and reactionary views, Le Bon was critical of majoritarianism and socialism.
Books by Gustave Le Bon
Crowd a Study of the Popular M
Crowd a Study of the Popular Mind2
Crowd a Study of the Popular M
Crowd a Study of the Popular Mind3
Civilisations de L'inde
Civilisations de L'inde
De Moscou Aux Monts Tatras
De Moscou Aux Monts Tatras
evolution des Forces. Paris, F
evolution des Forces. Paris, Flammarion 1907. 386 S. , 1 Tf...
Fumée du Tabac...
Fumée du Tabac...
Levers Photographiques et la P
Levers Photographiques et la Photographie en Voyage...
Naissance de l'évanouissement
Naissance de l'évanouissement de la Matière
World in Revolt; a Psychological Study of Our Times
Evolution of Matter
Evolution of Matter
Naissance et l'évanouissement
Naissance et l'évanouissement de la Matière
Psicología de Las Masas (tradu
Psicología de Las Masas (traducido 2022)
Psychologie der Massen (Grundl
Psychologie der Massen (Grundlagenwerk der Sozialpsychologie) (übersetzt 2022)
Delirios Populares Extraordina
Delirios Populares Extraordinarios y la Locura de Las Masas
Die Psychologie der Massen
Die Psychologie der Massen
Incertitudes de l'heure Présen
Incertitudes de l'heure Présente Annote
Psicologia Delle Folle
Psicologia Delle Folle
Psychologie de L'Éducation (An
Psychologie de L'Éducation (Annotated)
Science et l'Hypothèse Annote
Science et l'Hypothèse Annote
A Psicologia das multidões
Kitleler Psikolojisi
déséquilibre du Monde
déséquilibre du Monde
Große Buch der Philosophie (Ps
Große Buch der Philosophie (Psychologie der Massen, der Fürst, der Antichrist, Die Kunst, Recht Zu Behalten)
Influence of Race in History
Influence of Race in History
Influence of Race on History
Influence of Race on History
La Civilisation Des Arabes (French Edition)
... the Evolution of Forces
French Revolution and the Psyc
French Revolution and the Psychology of Revolution
Hier et Demain. Pensées Brèves
Hier et Demain. Pensées Brèves
Incertitudes de l'heure Présen
Incertitudes de l'heure Présente
Kitlelerin Psikolojisi
Psychologie Politique et défen
Psychologie Politique et défense Sociale
Psychology of Crowds / Psychologie des foules
Psychology of Peoples
Psychology of Peoples
Reis in Nepal
Reis in Nepal
اليهود في تاريخ الحضارات الأول
اليهود في تاريخ الحضارات الأولى
Crowm
Crowm
Opinions et les Croyances
Opinions et les Croyances
Psihologia Multimilor
Psihologia Multimilor
Psychologie des Foules - Psych
Psychologie des Foules - Psychologie of Crowd (Bilingual French-English Edition)
PSYCHOLOGIE des FOULES / Psych
PSYCHOLOGIE des FOULES / Psychology of Crowds
Psychology of Revolution
Psychology of Socialism
Bir Tarih Felsefesinin Ilmi Esaslari
Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd and
Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd and The Psychology of Revolution
Homme et les Sociétés
Homme et les Sociétés
Sicología de Las Masas
Sicología de Las Masas
Crowd Study of the Popular Min
Crowd Study of the Popular Mind
Psychologie des foules (Quadri
Psychologie des foules (Quadrige) (French Edition)
The Psychology of the Great War - Primary Source Edition
Qun zhong xin li
Qun zhong xin li
Crowd
Crowd
International Scientific Serie
International Scientific Series - the Evolution of Forces
Psychology of Crowds
Qun zhong
Qun zhong
The Psychology of Revolution
The Crowd Study of the Popular Mind
Psychologie des foules (French Edition)
Psychologie de l'éducation
Voyage to Nepal (Itineraria As
Voyage to Nepal (Itineraria Asiatica: Himalaya & Tibet)
Psychologia tōn mazōn
Psychologia tōn mazōn
Mirages indiens
Saykulujiyat al-jamahir (al-Fikr al-Gharbi al-hadith)
L'Equitation actuelle et ses principes
The crowd
L'Homme et les sociétés, leurs origines et leur histoire, 2 tomes
Immigration, chance, ou catast
Immigration, chance, ou catastrophe?
Voyage to Nepal
Voyage to Nepal
Psychological Degenerations in
Psychological Degenerations in the Behavior & Manifestations of the Crowds (Science of Man Library Book)
Rôle des juifs dans la civili
Rôle des juifs dans la civilisation
Tamaddun-i ʻArab, jis ko Ḍākṭa
Tamaddun-i ʻArab, jis ko Ḍākṭar Gastāʾūlī Bān, ek Frānsīsī muḥaqqīq kī aṣl Franc taṣnīf se Sayyid ʻAlī Bilgirāmī ... ne maʻ tauz̤īḥāt aur ḥavāshī-yi mufīdah Urdū men̲ tarjumah kiyā aur Navvāb Jīvan Yār Jang Bahādur ... ʻālimānah muqaddamah ke sāth
Psychologie politique et la de
Psychologie politique et la défense sociale
Voyage au Népal
Voyage au Népal
Voyage Au Nepal (Itineraria As
Voyage Au Nepal (Itineraria Asiatica: Himalaya & Tibet)
Révolution Française et la Psychologie des Révolutions
Gustave Le Bon
Gustave Le Bon, the man and his works
Lois psychologiques de l'évol
Lois psychologiques de l'évolution des peuples ; Aphorismes du temps présent ; Les incertitudes de l'heure présente
Tamaddan-e-Arab
Tamaddan-e-Arab
Civilisation des Arabes
Civilisation des Arabes
Tamaddun-i Islam ...
Tamaddun-i Islam ...
The world of Indian civilization
The world of Islamic civilisat
The world of Islamic civilisation
Tamaddun-i ʻArab
Tamaddun-i ʻArab
Rūḥ al-ishtirākīyah
Rūḥ al-ishtirākīyah
Tamaddun-i Islām va-ʻArab
Tamaddun-i Islām va-ʻArab
La psychologie politique et la
La psychologie politique et la défense social
La psychologie des foules
La psychologie des foules
Tamaddun-i Hind
Tamaddun-i Hind
La civilizaçáo Árabe
La civilizaçáo Árabe
Zavdanni︠a︡ provodu
Zavdanni︠a︡ provodu
Psychologie der Massen
Bases scientifiques d'une phil
Bases scientifiques d'une philosophie de l'histoire
世界之紛亂
世界之紛亂
اختلال التوازن العالمي
اختلال التوازن العالمي
Aphorismes du temps présent
L'e ́volution actuelle du mond
L'e ́volution actuelle du monde
Dün ve yarın
Dün ve yarın
İlm-i ruh-i içtimaî
İlm-i ruh-i içtimaî
The world of Islamic civilizat
The world of Islamic civilization
The world unbalanced
Le déséquilibre du monde
Le déséquilibre du monde
Les incertitudes de l'heure pr
Les incertitudes de l'heure présente
Psikologji e edukatësë
Psikologji e edukatësë
مقدمة الحضارات الأولى
مقدمة الحضارات الأولى
意見及信仰
意見及信仰
Sirr taṭawwur al-umam
Sirr taṭawwur al-umam
The World in Revolt: A Psychological Study of Our Times
Psychologie des temps nouveaux
Psychologie des temps nouveaux
La naissance de l'évanouissement de la matière
Hier et demain
Hier et demain
革命心理
革命心理
Premières conséquences de la Guerre, transformation mentale des peuples
Premières Conséquences de la Guerre
La vie des vérités
Asrımızın nusus-i felsefiyesi
Asrımızın nusus-i felsefiyesi
Ruh ül-akvam
Ruh ül-akvam
La psychologie politique
La révolution française et la psychologie des révolutions
Les opinions et les croyances
Les opinions et les croyances ...
Les opinions et les croyances: genèse--évolution
La psychologie politique et la défense sociale
Minzoku hatten no shinri
Minzoku hatten no shinri
Ruh ül-cemaât
Ruh ül-cemaât
Evolution des forces
L'évolution des Forces
L'évolution des Forces
L' évolution de la matière
Lévolution de la matière
Lévolution de la matière
Psicologia del socialismo
Psychologie du socialisme
A study of the popular mind
A study of the popular mind
Rūḥ al-tarbiyah
Rūḥ al-tarbiyah
The psychology of peoples
Lois psychologiques de l'évolution des peuples
Psychologie des Foules
Les lois psychologiques de l'é
Les lois psychologiques de l'évolution des peuples
Les monuments de l'Inde
Les monuments de l'Inde
Les civilisations de l'Inde
Les civilisations de l'Inde
La civilisation des Arabes
L' homme et les sociétés
L' homme et les sociétés
La vie : physiologie humaine appliqu©♭e © l'hygi©·ne et © la m©♭decine
Fizīologīi︠a︡ razmnozhenīi︠a︡
Fizīologīi︠a︡ razmnozhenīi︠a︡ chelovi︠e︡ka i zhivotnykh
De la mort apparente et des inhumations prématurées
Rolul evreilor în civilizaţie
Rolul evreilor în civilizaţie